When Charity Married Christian Missions

Bhojraj Bhatta

Charity (giving to the poor and needy) is an ancient Hebrew concept recorded in their Scripture and practiced from time immemorial; not a philanthropic concept but a concept rooted in the very idea of the justice of God. God is a just God and therefore he demands his creatures, the humans, to practice social justice by extending charity to the poor because no one chooses to be poor but happens to be poor due to the circumstances beyond one’s control. Therefore, a Hebrew, i.e., as the people of God, has a God ordained responsibility to look after the welfare of the poor and the needy in order to maintain the privilege of being the people of God. The key scriptural teaching on the topic is recorded in Leviticus 25 and particularly the verse 35 captures the concept of Hebrew understanding of tzedakah, which the Amplified Version attempts to translate it with its full force as; “And if your [Israelite] brother has become poor and his hand wavers [from poverty, sickness, or age and he is unable to support himself], then you shall uphold (strengthen, relieve) him, [treating him with the courtesy and consideration that you would] a stranger or a temporary resident with you [without property], so that he may live [along] with you”.

Starting from this verse as the highest degree of charity where the self-respect of the beneficiary is not taken away, Moses Maimonides, a 12th century Jewish philosopher and the expert of the Law of Moses, categorized the eight degrees of charity that vary in their level of nobility. According to Maimonides, the lowest form or the first degree of charity takes place when one gives to the poor and needy grudgingly. Second degree is when one gives less than what is supposed to be given but gives it cheerfully. Third degree is when one gives only after being asked by the needy. Fourth, when one gives before being asked as he sees the need. Fifth degree is when the beneficiary does not know the benefactor. Sixth, when the benefactor does not know the beneficiary. Seventh, when neither the benefactor nor the beneficiary knows each other. Eighth and the highest form of charity takes place when there is a sense of mutual partnership based upon mutual respect in which the benefactor strengthens the hands of the beneficiary so that the weaker party does not fall into poverty. This highest form of charity also can be done in three different orders; first, it can be done by offering help without any condition so that the weaker party can stand on his/her own feet. Second, it can be done by offering a job or a share in one’s business, and third, by offering a loan so that the weaker party can become strong enough and return the favor without any loss of self-respect and dignity.

In all these degrees of charity, the most important element for Maimonides was the preservation of human dignity and self-respect of the beneficiary. Just because one becomes poor due to the circumstances beyond one’s control does not take away the God-given human dignity from that individual and therefore, the one who is not poor needs to realize that human worth does not consist on material possession but on how one relates to God and fellow human beings as Hillel the great Jewish teacher had said that the sum-total of Torah is to love your neighbor as yourself. Therefore, Charity to the poor and needy has continued to be one of the cardinal pillars of Jewish society in every age, and Christian concept of giving is directly derived from the Jewish traditions and writings. Jesus made this principle crystal clear when he put himself in the place of the hungry, thirsty, stranger, naked, sick and the prisoner and whatever the people did or did not do for any of these above mentioned categories of humans, they did it to him (Matt. 25:35-40). Jesus never failed to emphasize the need to give to the needy, and remembering the words of Jesus on this topic, Paul quotes his words “it is more blessed to give than to receive” (Acts. 20:35) because somehow in the practice of charity there are only a few who can do it in the sense of the highest degree as defined by Maimonides where the recipient’s self-respect remains intact. Otherwise, in one way or the other, the recipient feels falling short of the dignified humanity when s/he finds the self in the state of a beneficiary.

But the fact of the matter, as Jesus said, is that we will always have the poor and the needy among us (Matt. 26:11) and therefore, the act of charity must continue regardless of its varying degree of nobility until the complete justice of God is achieved in the coming reign of God. Until the kingdom of God is fully realized, we must do all we can to practice the act of charity with the aim of doing it from the highest degree and history is filled with examples of such charitable works. The Roman Catholic Church is better credited for this noble task and examples of many saints like Francis of Assisi, who, while selling his father’s merchandise, saw a beggar, ran after him and gave away everything in an act of charity for which he was painfully ridiculed by peers and badly scolded by parents that broke his heart. But he went on to inspire millions of others and today we hear names like Francis Xavier, Mother Teresa and so on.

Protestant church is also equally filled with people who achieved great feat of remarkable charitable work even though at times the over emphasis on the doctrine of “justification by faith alone” minimized the value of charity and ethical works. People like William Colgate (Colgate-Palmolive), whose business brand covered the globe, is known to have given ten to fifty percent of his profits to various charitable institutions. George and Richard Cadbury inherited their father, John Cadbury’s small chocolate enterprise and turned it into a worldwide business. Cadbury brothers not only inherited their father’s business, but they also inherited his strong faith in God and dedication to charitable works. Unheard in their times; they treated their employees with utmost respect and provided them with everything that a normal business owner would need to have a loving home and healthy family with full access to life and leisure. They also saw that their father’s wish to make their locality free of alcohol was a way of serving wider community because John Cadbury believed that it was alcohol that made people poor and rob them of joy and happiness from their families and therefore, the Cadburys committed their lives and earnings in replacing the alcohol with drinkable chocolate and tea; after a century of George’s death in 1922, their desire to make their locality free of alcohol lives on and even the giant of a departmental store like Tesco cannot sell it in its local units there. Such stories of great charitable works by Christians could be found in every nation of the world; the difference might be that they had no one to document their story.

But the dawn of modern Protestant Christian missionary movement brought a new dimension to the age old concept of charity; a new dimension in which the innocent and the noble face of charity has been badly marred or destroyed. This modern missionary movement primarily began in societies where the protestant doctrine of God’s election and predestination was dominant; these societies placed a higher value on themselves compared to those which were non-Christian and considered as either heathens or savages. When William Carey tried to persuade his home church for the evangelization of the inhabitants in the islands of South East Asia and Oceania (he was touched by the writings of James Cook, an explorer who discovered and described about the inhabitants of these Islands on his journals as savage tribes so different and lost from the rest of civilization), an elder stood up and yelled at Carey saying, “young man, if God wants to save the savages, he does not need your help, he can do it himself”.

But people like Carey, Judson, Hudson, Livingstone and Brainerd were the ones who took upon themselves the God given mandate of evangelizing the heathens in every possible land, it was a sense of knowing that all men are equal and are in need of a savior who can not only see them free from sin but also from the savage life style. These early trailblazers of modern mission did not care so much about material possession; rather they gave their very lives for the sake of the people of their dream. But as the fruits of such missionaries work began to reach to the civilized world (western world), the disparity between the savage and the civilized also began to come to the fore. Wherever the colonial conquers went, they were only interested in exploiting the savages, but when the missionaries came along, they saw the exploitation and the suffering of the inhabitants in the colonies. Prior to the arrival of the colonial rulers and their missionary companions, these savages and the natives of the lands had their own way of life and sense of identity. The Chinese, Indian, African and the Native American civilizations had been in existence for thousands of years before they saw the faces of European conquerors and missionary compassion. These civilizations had their own set of values and worldviews, but when the European civilization, empowered by the biblical revelation and scientific discoveries, confronted them, the futility of their value system and the credulity of their worldview became apparent. The missionaries from the European civilization saw the sufferings in these lands and attempted to alleviate it through possible charitable contributions from the people in their homeland. In order to enlighten the populace in their homeland for the great need of charity in these colonies, the missionaries began to look for ways and means of communication; they began to write about these needs and the backwardness of these savages. As the means of mass communication developed over the centuries, the missionaries used them to their best effect and the whole western world came to know the limitations of these people and the limitless possibility of helping them wherever they may be found. The age old Charity found herself being married to modern Protestant Missions and the result was the birth of Inferiority followed by Deception.

The trailblazing missionaries like Carey, Judson, Hudson, Livingstone and others accomplished their monumental missionary achievements by maintaining utmost respect for the natives in their mission fields. They literally laid down their lives in the mission field (For example; Carey came with one way ticket and never returned to England for the rest of his life). They buried their children and spouses in the lands they felt called by their God. So long as these kinds of missionaries were in the mission fields, they embodied the highest form of Charity that Maimonides described. They did it for the love of their fellow human beings with utmost respect. As long as they were alive, they refused to give birth to either pride or pity; superiority or inferiority.

But as the romance of these early missionaries faded away, a new breed of missionaries began to arrive in these lands with their ship loads of western material comfort that exposed the nakedness and the destitutions of the natives in the mission fields. The charity became institutionalized and the missionaries became the mediators between the benefactors and beneficiaries. Mutual love and respect died, but inferiority and deception came alive in the minds of the natives while the missionaries tried in vain to wear the garment of Charity. The missionaries enjoyed the garment of Charity because it gave them immense sense of self-worth and leverage over the lives of their spiritual subjects. Over time, the distinction between a missionary white man and non-missionary white man disappeared.

In the language of science; after knowing for centuries that the Sun is stationary, every morning we call it a Sunrise. Likewise, white missionaries wore the garment of Charity for so long that even today when a destitute white man walks in the streets of India, China, Africa or anywhere else in the so called third world or former mission fields, he ignites a powerful spirit of expectation in the minds of the natives. In my own nation, when a wealthy Nepali family walks in the restaurant or hotel, the reception would be very cold. But when a white back packer hunts for a cheapest meal and a room, s/he would be surrounded by the whole staff willing to offer anything s/he demands. Such reception is not from the heart of hospitality but from the mind of expectations because when Charity had married with European Christians missions, inferiority was born and deception was the second child. After the death of Charity, their mother, Sister Inferiority and brother Deception have been most successful in modern native Christian missions.

A Window into My Past

I was born in a Hindu Brahmin family that was very proud for their higher social and religious place in the society. The Bhatta caste in Hinduism comes from the higher priestly family. In addition to the priestly caste, my father was very much into astrology. For him, everything and everyone on earth has astrological correspondence. Generally, in a traditional Hindu family, when a son is born, the parents should call their local priest (skilled in astrology) to draw up the horoscope that forecasts child’s personality and future based upon the position of the planets in relation to the zodiac sign under which the child is born. It so happened that I was born in a time that meant the imminent death for my father. The only way for him to avoid his death was for both of us never to see each other. In such a case, the priest would advise the mother not to feed the infant or give it away to someone far away. My mother kept me alive and finally left me at her parents' home.  

My grandma took care of me until I was 11. Meanwhile back in my home, another priest had a new look at my horoscope, and helped my father change his mind. Finally, with great hesitation and reluctance, my father agreed to bring me home in my 11th year. When I heard that I had parents and that I was going home gave me a new kind of hope because from the age of seven, I had been asking questions about my life and had never found any answer. I had visited many temples around our village, tried to read Hindu Scripture that my grandfather and mother made me to read for them as I learned to read and write. But there was no answer as who I was and where I had come from. So, the news about my origin was a great relief and thought that my prayers had been answered.

The day I came home, there was a big religious ceremony going on in my home; villagers were gathered and my family was busy with all kinds of rituals. As I arrived, I was washed, and was given white clothes to put on and they made me to enter the sacred room where my father was performing the religious rituals with many other priests. Someone guided me to the entrance of that room and told me to go and bow-down to father. As I entered the room, there were about seven men and did not know whom to bow to. So, I went to the man sitting nearest to the entrance; he happened to be one of the priests and kindly showed me who my father was and for the first time I saw my father and bowed to him as they made me to sit on a mat next to him and take part in the rituals for appeasing the deities so that my father would not die. As I sat there in that room, I tried to steal some glimpses from my father, but I saw him only focused in the rituals and never turned an eye towards me. He seemed to be very much full of anxiety and uncertainty.

As the day died down and all the villagers went home, I was hoping that my family would gather around me and welcome me. I was told that I had two elder sisters, two younger sisters and one younger brother. Except mother, everyone seemed to be hesitant to come near and my father went out with his friends and came back home very late. I was given a place to sleep but could not fall asleep and knew when father came home. I gave him the benefit of doubt, thinking he must be tired and may be from tomorrow he will speak to me. But the next day came and went, but my father never looked at me and never said a word. Finally, without realizing a year had gone by without my father speaking to me and having any kind of conversation. In an agrarian society, life for the children can go on without much social interaction and my life took a lonely path. After a year of silence, I found my father to be very angry man and soon his anger was expressed with severe beatings. I found out that he loved his younger son so much that no one was allowed to mistreat him. My inner loneliness was turning into an expressed anger but I was afraid of my father, so I expressed my anger over my younger brother. This brought the wrath of my father on my head and since then, it was a constant beating and mental and verbal abuse that left me totally detached from reality. My emotional, mental and physical condition began to deteriorate.

One day, when I was about 13 or 14 years old, a group of young people visited our school and were selling bags of books with fraction of money. I too bought a bag of books, but when I brought home, father saw the books and he destroyed them all. Somehow as he was burning them, I had hidden one book along with my school books. The title was “friend of all” and it had many pictures in it. But the book remained unread somewhere in the house until I was 16.  By this time I had abandoned my faith in religion and gotten into the company of communist friends who taught me the Darwinian view of life and Marxists system of politics. After spending considerable time with them, I thought that I found the meaning of my life; revolution for national liberation from tyranny.   But deep in me, I was far from real liberation and peace of mind. I was so angry with my father and my anger turned into depression and began to contemplate about suicide. I saw no end to my misery; I saw no one who could liberate me on a personal level. As I contemplated on taking my own life, I had this urge to take revenge on my father who had brought this misery in my life. I became a violent man and finally left home because I could not stay without trouble anymore.

When my father saw that I was determined to destroy my life, and was also afraid that on the process of destroying my own life, I might harm him as well. So, he sent message to his eldest daughter who was married in a faraway town. He asked her if she and her husband could do something about it. I had never met her husband, until that time; when they heard about me, my brother-in-law came to the place where I was living because I had refused to go home. As he met me, he gave me a book.  To my amazement, it was the same book that years ago I had bought and saved from being burned. I had never known that he was a Christian; he had married my sister in an arranged marriage in a fully Hindu religious way. But the title of the book “friend of all” once again drew my attention and this time I was able to read it with full attention. It was in this book that I saw the man named Jesus reaching out and touching people who were lost and forgotten by the society; he appeared to be the person who could provide the personal liberation that I was longing for. Much later would I know that this was the gospel of Luke! That day, my brother-in-law offered me the chance to come and live in his house so that I could finish my high school. 

As I read the book, I was greatly attracted to the person of Jesus Christ.  I had never thought in terms of that book or Jesus Christ having any kind of relationship with the religion called Christianity. I thought that my brother-in-law randomly got the book to give me as a gift. One day I took the book to a friend who was much older to me, had finished university education, had a good government job, and was considered to be the wise and successful man of the village. I wanted to ask him if he could help me to know more about the man called Jesus. As I gave him the book, he was shocked to see it and tore it into many pieces and threw them into the village air that took away the pieces of my dear book to many different directions. As he tore the book, a cold chill went into my spine and an unknown fear hit me. He warned me that such books have some kind of magical power and if someone reads them, the person will be either insane or lose mental stability. I left him there screaming at me, feeling sad that the book I was in love with was destroyed (In a few months, that person died with no apparent reasons).  Finally, I came home and found the same old book, hidden in the midst of all our school books. It was already dirty and dusty but the message of the book started to hit me home every time I read it.  

I decided to go and live with my sister’s family. It was the first time I had visited their house and saw that there were many other books. I learned that my brother in-law was actually the leader of this underground church.  As I stayed with them and the first Saturday came (Nepali Churches worship on Saturday), three more men came to their home and sat in a room and called me too. As we sat there, they began to pray, sing and some one gave a brief speech. I still remember the first speech, it was “where does my help come from? My help comes from God” (the preacher has now gone to be with the Lord). There I was asking the same question from my early childhood and the man there says that there is a God who is interested in helping us and this God has come to us through Jesus Christ. In my heart, I decided to find out about this God.  I was given the New Testament to read; I finished it in no time.  The verse that stuck to my mind was Matthew 7:7 where it says “ask and it shall be given to you”. I had many questions and here there was a possibility of my asking being answered.

My sister's family did not know but secretly, I began to talk to Jesus, but the longer I stayed with my sister’s family the more confused I became. The kind of Jesus I saw in the Bible and the kind of Jesus they believed in appeared to be different. The family life, the kind of controversy about the finances being misused in the name of church and mission had infected this group of new believers who were fighting with one another for money and power for leadership. On top of that I had brought all my troubles with authority figures along with me and my relationship with brother-in-law broke down.  But one day I found another book in that house, the title was “God who answers by fire”. Somewhere in all these coincidences, I began to see some kind of mysterious pattern. This book opened my eyes to see how God has a plan for every person, and the things that had happened in my life were not by accident, but were ordained by God.  I wanted to know this God.  I had thought that Jesus was the best human being to follow, but there was no proper understanding of him being the Son and the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. Then, God brought another incident; an English preacher by the name of Norman Mitten came to visit my brother-in-law and he spoke to our group. His text was from the gospel of Mark 1:1 “The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God”.

As Norman began to expound the gospel to a group of about seven of us, I had a strange burning sensation in my chest. Whatever he said, it was as if he was reading my heart with absolute certainty and for the first time I recognized that my biggest problem was not my father, but my sin. The way to God, his help, and answers to my questions is made possible by the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ. The meeting finished without any fanfare. There was no altar-call or prayer for anything or anyone. But a fire had begun in my heart and did not know how to quench it.  The following day, I went to a nearby bush alone and asked Jesus to come and save me from my sin. Since my relationship with brother-in-law was already broken, I could not ask his help. So, I asked other members of that group as what I must do in order to be fully forgiven of my sins. The person said that I had to take water baptism (this was a group that placed a high value on baptism by immersion for salvation). When I said to the group that I want to take baptism, they were taken aback. For them, I was anti Christian because I had opposed their leader and had expressed certain views that were contradictory to what they thought. It was a great danger for them to baptize me because if I was not a genuine believer, I might report to the police of my becoming Christian which then can put the leader into seven years in prison.  Finally, there were two more people who were getting ready for the baptism and I insisted to be included into the ceremony.  They arranged the baptismal program along with two other candidates and took us to an Indian border town in North India.  In the year 1985/6 (can't remember exact date due to the dual dating system in Nepal), I was baptized in an old Indian church (Church of North India) and since then, it has been a life of adventure filled with joy and pain, laughter and sadness but in everything, God’s amazing grace has provided the strength needed.

Right after baptism, I went home with the hope of reconciling with my family.  But my father he could not accept the fact that his prodigal son is now turning to Christianity.  It took another 10 years for me to go back home.  By this time I was married and had my son with me.  In order to break the ice, I took my Indian wife and three years old son to home, hoping that when he sees the daughter- in-law and grandchild, his heart may melt. It did melt, but only to the point of general formality. I could feel how uncomfortable he was with us being in his house.  And it took another 10 years for him to admit his mistakes. In 2007, we heard that he was very sick and had become very old and frail. I and my wife visited him. As we arrived at his home, it was about noon time. There was no one else in the house, children had gone to school and my mother and brother’s family were working in their field. As we went about the house, we saw the old man sitting way back in the garden, turning his face away from home. I went from behind and called him; he was surprised and tried to get up but could not. I grabbed him in my arms and helped him to walk back home. It was the first time that I had held my father; I had never known his touch or embrace. Within me, I was weeping, but had to put up a brave face so that the old man would not faint to see me crumble. For the first time, the old man confessed his failings and released me to do whatever makes me happy. As I saw his painful tears running down his boney chicks; I could not hold anything back and told him that the only thing that would compensate me of my robbed childhood is when I see him confess his sin to Jesus Christ and accept him as his personal savior. He neither denied my wish nor accepted; and realizing his social stature, I gave him an easy and wishful suggestion - “even if you cannot accept him in public due to the fear of your religious society, accept him in the privacy of your heart”. I am not sure how long my old man will live, but it is my prayer that when he leaves this world, he would have made his peace with his creator.

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